The Abu Dhabi Autonomous Racing League, A2RL, is entering its third year. Two seasons of testing and racing in both virtual and real worlds have seen huge leaps in autonomous race tech, and it’s time to see how circuits outside of the Middle East will adapt to autonomous racing. Now familiar with Yas Marina, the five A2RL Pro Teams, the best of the autonomous best, will face a new challenge at Imola. But with years of experience behind them, facing the historic circuit is, perhaps, not the head scratcher it might have been a few years ago.

The first two seasons saw teams from all over the world get to grips with